Internal-combustion engine



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Patent ed May 12, 1925. I

UNITED STATES worms :1. MALONEY, or DENVER, cotoaano.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

'Application flled December 13, 1923. Serial No. 680,371.

To all whom it'may comem:

Be it known that I, THOMAS J. MALONEY,

' -a citizen of the United States, residing at Denver, in the city andcounty of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do declare thefollo vingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to'make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to the .characters of reference marked thereon, which forma part of this specification.

This inventionrelates to improvements in the construction of internalcombustion engines.

' The internal combustion engine, as ordinarily constructed, is rovidedwith intake and exhaust valves of t e poppet type, which are held inclosed position by means of springs and opened by means of cams. Thistype of valve has many objectionable features, but is employed mainlybecause it is simple and inexpensive. Poppet valves are hard to keepclean and tight because carbon particles have an excellent opportunityto lodge between the seat and the valve. The most serious objection tothe poppet valve is that it does not permit a sufliciently large openingto be formed to allow the explosive mixture to enter and the exhaustgases to leave with. suflicient freedom to permit the engine to rotateat as high a speed as it could otherwise attain. In order to overcomethe defects pointed out, ithas been proposed to substitute for thepoppet valves slide valves of various types and even rotary valves havebeen suggested.

It is the object of this invention to produce a valve mechanism that issim le and can also be readily applied to engines of ordinary amount ofalteration.

My invention, briefly described, consists in a cylinderhead adapted tobe secured to the top of an engine block of ordinary construction. Thiscylinder head is hollow and has a horizontal partition which is doubleand between the two parts of which are located two cooperatingslides'which serve to open and close the ports leading from the intakeand the exhaust manifolds to the cylinders. These slides arereciprocated by means of eccentrics and open and close the variousconstruction without a great parts in a predetermined sequence.- Thatportion of the cylinderhead above the slides is divided into an intakeand an exhaust manifoldor chamber and the portion below the slides isprovided with chambers through which the cooling liquid circulates.

My invention can be best described and most readily understood whenreference is had to the accompanying drawings in which the presentpreferred embodiment is shown, and in which:

' Fig. 1 is aside elevation of an engine constructed in accordance withmy present invention, parts thereof being broken away to better disclosethe construction;

Fig. 2 is a section taken on lines Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is asection taken on line 3-3, Fig. 1;,and I Fig. 4 is adiagrammatic representation showing the slides in the positions whichthey occupy for each stroke of the engine.

The same reference characters will be employed to represent the sameparts throughout the several views.

Numeral 1 designates an ordinary engine or cylinder block having fourcylindrical chambers 1, 2, 3 and 4 surrounded by awater jacket 5. Withinthe cylinders are pistons 6 operatively connected by rods 7 to the crankshaft 8, all as is common and .well known. A vertical shaft 9 is drivenfrom the crank" shaft by means of suitable timing gears and has securedthereto'eccentrics 10 and 11, the former of which leads the.

latter b an angleof 90 degrees. The cylinderhea is hollow and has adouble wall extending horizontally thereof. Thiswall has an upperportion 12 and a lower portion 13. Above the wall 12 there is alongitudinal vertical wall 14 which divides this space into an intakechamber I and an exhaust chamber E.

The intake chamber I may, if desired, be

divided into several compartments by t'ra'nsverse walls 15 in the mannershown on the drawing. The c linderhead has a water jacket 16 surroan ingthe same, in the manner shown,- but as this has nothing to do with myinvention, I will not describe the same, but shall devote myself to adescription of the valves and valve-operating mechanism.

From both the inta e and the exhaust chambers, port openings 17 extendthrough both of the walls 12 and 13 and side walls 18 extend from thewall 13 to the upper edge inder 4. Position 3 shows of the cylinderwalls in the manner shown in Fig. 1.

Between the walls 12 and 13 are two slides, the upper of which I havedesignated by the numeral 19 and the lower by numeral 20. These slidesare provided with perforations spaced in the manner shown in Fig. 4where the circles marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent the cylindersof theengine and the dotted lines indicate the location of the-port openings17. In Fig. 2 I have shown a' connecting rod 21, which operativelyconnects the slide 19 with eccentric 10. A similar rod connects slide 20with the eccentric 11. The shaft 9 rotates in the direction of the arrowin Fig. 1 and this causes a counter-clockwise rotation of the cams orequivalent parts in Fig. 4. Cam 10 leads cam 11 by 90 degrees.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 4, it will be noticed that Ihave shown four different positions of the slides, position 1 showingthe intake open to cylinder 1 and the exhaust port open from cylinder 3.The shaded rectangles indicate the open ports. Position 2 shows theintake port open to cylinder 3 and the exhaust port from cylthe intakeopen into cylinder 4 and the exhaust openfromi cylinder 2, whileposition 4: shows the intake open to cylinder 2 and the exhaust fromcylinder 1. The four positionsshown complete the cycle. The wall 13 isin contact with the cooling water on its lower side and is thereby1prevented from reaching an excessively igh temperature.

lVith the type of valve described by me and operated by eccentrics orequivalent cams, there are no intermittently movable parts as in anengine employing poppet valves, as the slides .19 and 20 are constantlymoving, hein stationary only for an instant at .the time the directionof travel is being reversed, which overcomes the noise that invariablyaccompanies the use of poppet valves. The Iports 17 can be made wide sothat there wil be sufiicient space to permit the gases to enter withoutwire-drawing and to leave freely so as to prevent excessivehack-pressure.

Havin now described my invention, what I c aim as new is:

1. An internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylindersarranged in a row, intake and exhaust ports opening into said cylinders,means for periodically opening and closing said ports in a predeterminedse uence, said means comprising two flat sli es, each provided with twoparallel rows of four openings, each of the openings adapted to registerwith certain port openings and with corresponding openings in the otherslide so as to permit gases to enter and leave said cylinders in apredetermined sequence, and means for reciprocating said ings and withcorresponding openings in the other slide so as to permit gases to enterand leave said cylinders in a predetermined sequence, and means forreciprocating said slides in accordance with the speed of the engine,said means comprising an eccentric and a. connecting rod for each slide,said eccentrics being rotated at the same angular velocity and onehaving a lead of substantially degrees with respect to the other.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block having aplurality of cylinders arranged in a substantially straight line, apiston in each cylinder, a crank shaft, a rod connecting each piston toa crank arm, a removable cylinderhead, said cylinderhead having anintake and an exhaust port opening for each cylinder, two parallel flatslides cooperatively connected with said cylinderhead, each slide havingtwo rows offour openings each adapted to register with certain of saidport-openings at some particular position of the slide, the openings inthe slides being also arranged to register with each other at certainpredetermined relative positions of the slides, and means operativelyconnected to the crank shaft for reciprocating said slides in accordancewith the speed of rotation of the engine.

4. An internal combustion engine com prising a cylinder block having aplurality of cylinders arranged straight line, a piston in eachcylinder, a crank shaft, a rod connecting each piston to a crank arm, aremovable cylinderhcad, said cylinderhead having an intake and anexhaust port opening for each cylinder, two parallel flat slidescooperatively connected with said cylinderhead, each slide having tworows of four openings each adapted to register with certain of said portopenings at some particular position of the slide, the openings in theslides being alsoarranged to register with each other at certain predetermined relative positions of the slides, and means operativelyconnected to the crank shaft for reciprocating said slides in accordancewith the speed of rotation of the engine, said means comprising aneccentric and a connecting rod for each slide, said eccentrics beingrotated at the same angular velocity but one leading the other bysubstantially 90 degrees.

in a. substantially 5. An internal combustion engine comprising'acylinder block having a plurality of cylinders arranged in asubstantially straight line, a piston in each cylinder, a crank shaft, arod connecting each piston to a crank arm, a removable c linderheadsecured to said engine block, said cylinderhead having two spacedparallel horizontal walls extending the entire length thereof, saidWalls having an intake and an exhaust port opening for each cylinder, apair 'of flat slides located in the space between said walls, saidslides each having two rows of four openings each adapted to registerwith the first-mentioned port openings. and with each other atpredetermined. positions of the slides, and means operatively connectedwith the crank shaft of the engine for reciprocating said slides wherebythe intake and exhaust ports will be opened and closed in apredetermined sequence.

(3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block having aplurality of cylinders arranged in a substantially straight line, crankshaft, a rod connecting each piston to a crank arm, a removable clinderhead secured to said engine block, said cylinderhead having twospaced parallel horizontal walls extending the entire length thereof,said walls having an intake and an exhaust port opening for eachcylinder, apair of flat slides located in the space between said walls,said slides each having two rows of four openings each adapted toregister with the first-mentioned port openings and with each other atpredetermined positions of the slides, and means operatively connectedwith the crank shaft of the engine for reciprocating said slides wherebythe intake and exhaust ports will be opened and closed in apredetermined sequence, said means comprising a shaft rotatablyconnected to the crank shaft, a pair of eccentrics non-rotatablyconnected to the shaft,

and a connecting rod joining each eccentric to one of said slides, oneof said eccentrics leading the other by substantially 90 de grees.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block having aplurality I a piston in each cylinder, a

of cylinders arranged in a substantially straight line, a piston in eachcylinder, a crank shaft, a rod connecting each piston to a crank arm, aremovable c linderhead secured to said engine block, sa1d cylinderheadhaving two spaced parallel horizontal walls extending the entire lengththereof, said walls having an intake and an exhaust port opening foreach cylinder, a pair of flat slides located in the space between saidwalls, said slides each having two rows of four openings each adapted toregister with the first-mentioned portopenings and with each other atpredetermined positions of the slides, the adjacent faces of theparallel walls having longitudinal grooves, said slides havingprojections adapted to engage in said grooves, and means operativelyconnected with the crank shaft of the engine for reciprocating saidslides whereby the intake and exhaust ports will be opened and closed ina predetermined sequence.

8. An internal combustion engine comof cylinders arranged in asubstantially straight line, a piston in each cylinder, a

crank shaft, a rod connecting each piston to a crank arm, a removablecylinderhead secured to said engine block, said cylinderhead having twospaced parallel horizontal walls extending the entire length thereof,said walls having an intake and an exhaust port opening for eachcylinder, a pair of flat slides located in the space between said walls,said slides each having two rows of four openings each adapted toregister with the first-mentioned port openings andwith each other atpredetermined positions of the slides, the adjacent faces of theparallel walls having longitudinal grooves, said slides havingprojections adapted to engage in said grooves, the adjacent sides ofthe.

THOMAS J. MALONEY.

